Research

Placing the pump Water was a necessity in every yard and house, in land cultivation and craftsmen's workshops... Before constructing a new house, a well had to be dug to supply water for making the mortar, certainly in remote places. The location of a pump was well thought about, usually not far from the kitchen. Sometimes a pump was installed in or at the side of a building in the form of a small pump house or lean-to. Water pumps only protrude low above the ground (approx. 60-100 cm). There are strong regional differences in wells and pumps. We made a model as shown in the drawing on the right. In areas with shallow water, such as the Meetjesland, short pumps with a fixed handle transverse to the pump rod were found. Elsewhere, a long, pivoting hand crank was used.

Prince's castle measured up by UCL students In the autumn of 2016 and spring 2017, a groupe of students of the UCL (Faculty of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning - LOCI Brussels) used the Prince's castle site as a location for a practical internship. Under the motto "many hands make light work" they completely removed no less than two trucks of vegetation from the castle's walls and foundations. This allowed them to accurately measure, describe and draw out the entire site and environment. Based on all these surveying plans, detailed drawings and sketches, they made reconstruction drawings and described in detail the technical and architectural characteristics. In addition, one of the students, Sébastien van Naemen, made a 3D virtual drawing of the whole. This UCL project will be of inestimable value for the further restoration of the site.

Squaring the trunk Although not strictly necessary, it is recommended to debark the tree butt and remove the sapwood, the outer wood with the latest growth. Despite watering, these outer layers between the heartwood and bark can contain nutrients, making the pump susceptible to weathering, fungi and wood-boring insects. Removing this outer layer is done by squaring the trunk. This can be done both before and after the boring process. A practical benefit of squaring beforehand is that you take excess weight off the trunk which makes it lighter to handle. The trunk is fixed with heavy iron clamps low above ground level. After removing the bark with the barking shovel, we opted in this experiment to square the trunk in an octagonal shape using broad axes. You can use a carpenter's adze, but this works a lot slower. The octogonal shape works best for removing the sapwood and fixing the trunk on the boring trestle and in the well. After squaring, the diameter of our pump body was reduced to...

Balance crane We built this wooden balance crane to allow school pupils to experience the operation of a lever during the Atelier Levers.  Such a crane is a hoist that consists of a vertical pole that is fixed and forms the support point for the horizontal beam that serves as a lever. Sometimes the lever hangs from a chain, allowing it to be turned and swiveled.  The load is connected to the lever by means of a rope, chain or something similar. Balance cranes were to be found in ports to load and unload ships, on construction sites, in quarries...

Proverbs and sayings: Transport This text can only be consulted in Dutch.

How to build wooden scaffolding

All kinds of identifying marks: symbols, letters or numbers, can often be found on tools. These marks may refer to the manufacturers (e.g. Paul Dubois’s La guêpe (wasp)), or to the place where the piece was made (e.g. Gembloux). They emphasize the quality (e.g. acier garanti (guaranteed steel)) or a property (e.g. inoxydable (stainless)); warn that there is a patent pending or in existence; record the name of the object; even give an indication of how to use it, etcetera. In addition there may also be marks of ownership or embellishment.

Bibliography In the extensive MOT library you will find literature on many aspects of half-timbering. You will find separate publications on techniques such as squaring beams or splitting roof shingles. Much has been published on the work of the carpenter in general, it is difficult to provide an overview. We will therefore limit ourselves below to publications that specifically concern half-timbering and that mainly concern Flanders. For questions or literature on half-timbering in the countries surrounding us and elsewhere, you can always contact the MOT. You can also consult our technical library yourself, by appointment: tel. +32 2 270 81 11 - info@mot.be.  ARENDZEN G. en VRIEND J.J., Bouwkunde. Hand- en studieboek voor den bouwkundige en den timmerman. Deel I, Kosmos, Amsterdam, 1941. BAERT G.P., Lemen wanden II in Ons Heem, 19 (1965) 3, p 108. BEERTEN S., Onderzoek naar het vakwerkgebouw van de abdij van Herkenrode, licentiaatsverhandeling K.U.Leuven, Leuven, 1981. BIJNENS B., Frans-Vlaanderen....

Sheer legs The sheer legs that you can see next to the barn of the Tommenmolen is a full-scale reconstruction that we made based on a copy from the MOT collection and from images.  What are they? Sheer legs are a two-legged hoist with which you can lift heavy loads and also move them to a limited extent. The device can be mounted and moved. For example, it has been used since ancient times on construction sites to bring up heavy stones. Until the early 20th century, such a device was used in shipping and the military. Sheer legs consists of two connected legs with a pulley at the top. A rope runs over the pulley to a windlass at the bottom, which has two long spokes that act as a lever. By turning, you can lift a load of several hundred kilos alone or with two without exceptional effort. The device is kept in balance by tethered ropes. This reconstruction nicely illustrates the principles of drive and transmission, which is the subject of the MOT & GO exhibition you can visit in the mill....

Tips for photographing forge marks and printing on paper